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Aphrodisias
Aphrodisias (; ) was a small ancient Greek city in the historic Caria cultural region of western Anatolia, Turkey. It is located near the modern village of Geyre, about west/inland from the coast of the Aegean Sea, and southeast of İzmir.
Aphrodisias was named after Aphrodite, the Greek goddess of love, who had here her unique cult image, the ''Aphrodite of Aphrodisias''. According to the Suda, a Byzantine encyclopedic compilation, before the city became known as Aphrodisias (c.3rd century BCE) it had three previous names: ''Lelégōn Pólis'' (Λελέγων πόλις, "City of the Leleges"),〔For Greeks, "Leleges" denoted an ancient pre-Greek people.〕 ''Megálē Pólis'' (Μεγάλη Πόλις, "Great City"), and ''Ninó''ē (Νινόη).〔See ''Suda Online'' s.v. Ninoe, () (accessed 25-12-2006); the elite of Aphrodisias linked their founding to the Assyrian ruler called in Greek Ninus, the eponymous founder also of Nineveh.〕
Sometime before 640, in the Late Antiquity period when it was within the Byzantine Empire, the city was renamed ''Stauroúpolis'' (Σταυρούπολις, "City of the Cross").〔Siméon Vailhé, "Stauropolis" ''The Catholic Encyclopedia'', 1912 (full text ), citing Heinrich Gelzer, ''Ungedruckte ... Texte der Notitiæ episcopatuum'', 534. The name ''Tauropolis'', said to have been borne by the town prior to that of Stauropolis, is an error of several scholars, ''e.g.'' ''Revue des études grecques'' 19:228-30; the error 'Tauropolis' derives from inscription (IAph 42 ): see discussion by Roueché at (ALA VI.48 )〕
==History==
White and blue grey Carian marble was extensively quarried from adjacent slopes in the Hellenistic and Roman periods, for building facades and sculptures. Marble sculptures and sculptors from Aphrodisias became famous in the Roman world. Many examples of statuary have been unearthed in Aphrodisias, and some representations of the Aphrodite of Aphrodisias also survive from other parts of the Roman world, as far afield as Pax Julia in Lusitania.〔Peter Noelke, "Zwei unbekännte Repliken der Aphrodite von Aphrosias in Köln" ''Arkäologischer Anzeiger'' 98.1:107-31.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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